Analysis:

a) Preliminary vote (pages 8-13)

In this scene, the jurors have decided to take a preliminary vote to have an overview of where they stand. The vote is 11-1 guilty.

Foreman:

• Foreman tries to be fair and in control of the situation. He often asks the other jurors for their opinions and whether they are okay with how the deliberation is running. He is quite hesitant which indicates some anxiety.

Juror 2:

• Juror 2 is quiet and is an observer. 

Juror 7:

• Juror 7 makes cuff remarks throughout the first scene. His character serves as to balance the tension within the courtroom.

Juror 8:

• Juror 8 is the only juror to vote 'not guilty' in the preliminary vote.

Juror 9:

• Similar to Juror 8, Juror 9 considers what he is about to see. This indicates that he is wise and also his background in terms of his education and upbringing. He is an observer and is points out that Juror 10 is an ignorant man.

Juror 10:

• Juror 10 overly uses exclusive language which demonstrates his prejudice towards people of a lower social standing. He is described as a bigot.
• 'You can't believe a word they say. I mean, they're born liars'

b) The Knife (pages 21-24)

In this scene the jurors focus on the knife and its role in the murder. Juror 4 is logical and focuses on the facts, by doing so he also gives the audience more information about the case. There is also a clear distinction between the language of jurors 3 and 4. Juror 3 uses sarcasm and less sophisticated compared to that of juror 4. Juror 3 describes some of the evidence discussed as the 'discovery of the age or something'. Whereas juror 4 is more educated in terms of the way he approaches evidence. 

c) The Confrontation (pages 47-48)

This scene is the point of tension. It is the scene just before scene 2 begins. Juror 3 is derogatory and refers to the other jurors as 'old ladies'. His impatient and bias judgement is explicit in this scene. It is clear that something has hurt him which draws parallels between the defendant's life and his. This scene also exemplifies how difficult it is to leave your personal emotions behind. The conclusion of the play leave s the audience with a climax point/ cliff hanger. It reiterates the name of the play, '12 Angry Men', it also makes the audience think about the severity of the phrase 'I'm going to kill you' and ultimately whether juror 3 meant it or not.

d) The opposition (pages 53-54)

In this scene there is a change of mise en scene. Juror 4, who is an educated, reserved character is agitated by juror 3 and his attitudes towards the case. He is continually rude and bigot. He refers to the other jurors as '6 bastards over there' and is not willing to let the defendant live. He does not want to 'break [his] brain over scum like that'. Juror 3's dislike and prejudice does not go away and at the end of the scene and results in juror 10 giving up on the case. Juror 10's actions further agitate juror 3 as it reminds him of how his con gave up their relationship.  

e) Indecision (pages 60-63)

Revelations occur in this scene. Jurors 2, 5 and 11 are vital characters in this scene and eventually persuades other jurors to change their votes. Throughout the beginning of the play jurors 2, 5 and 11 are observers rather than conductors. Their involvement in this scene is of great importance.

Juror 2:

• methodical- thinks about his arguments

Juror 5:

• shows how a switch knife is held 
• The audience learns that juror 5 is educative and practical.

Juror 11:

• is annoyed with juror 7's immaturity
• wants juror 7 to take the case more seriously. This acts as a reminder to jurors for today of the importance of jury duty

f) Shame (pages 63-66)

In this scene jurors 10 and 12 turn their backs on juror 10. Juror 3's bigotry initiates angry within the jury room and results in juror 4 telling juror 3 to stop because '[they've] heard enough'. This significantly contrasts with juror 4's character in the beginning of the play. Juror 4's outburst gives the audience an indication of how offended the jurors are. Almost immediately after being embarrassed, juror 3 turns away in shame. He is ashamed of his prejudice and stubbornness, although so juror 3's character in the play does not have closure and ends as a defeated character. He no longer cares about the case and is flippant. The audience learns that his lack seriousness is due to his nature rather than his educational background.

g) Conclusion (pages 70-73)

This scene draws the conclusion of the play. All twelve jurors vote 'not guilty' after Juror 9 picks out the fact that the woman's testimony could not have been true. Juror 9, who was an observer throughout a large portion of the play points this out. In the end of the play, the audience is able to see Juror 9's personal feelings and learn more about his character.